Clinostomum marginatum in Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki) in a Western Washington Lake

1966 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Uzmann ◽  
John Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Salmo Clarki

The Relation between Scale Diameter and Body Length of Kamloops Trout, Salmo gairdneri kamloops

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 742-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. B. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Fork Length ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Double Logarithmic Plot ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Coastal Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Constant Slope ◽  
Salmo Clarki ◽  
Simple Proportion

The scale/body relationship for Kamloops trout is very close to direct proportion for fish larger than 4.5 cm. fork length. The resultant plot on a double logarithmic grid is linear with a slope not significantly different from 1.00 (45°). Calculations of lengths of trout from scales at ages previous to that of capture can be made on the basis of simple proportion in two ways, (1) by use of a constant slope (45°) on a double logarithmic plot, or (2) by use of a constant zero-zero intercept on an arithmetic plot.Growth of the scales of the young is characterized by relatively rapid increase from time of scale formation, 3.5 cm. fork length up to 4.5 cm. At about 4.5 cm. fork length there is a sharp break (inflection) in the relative growth curve toward isometric growth of scales and body. Reliable estimates of the length of trout may be obtained from scales alone, using the diameter of the first circulus of the scale, the slopes and inflection of the relative scale/body plot and total diameter of the scale at time of capture.Marked Kamloops trout of known size were released in 1953. Subsequent recaptures both in 1953 and 1954 substantiated the accuracy of the method of estimating lengths of trout at ages previous to that of capture.Observations on the steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri gairdneri, and on the coastal cutthroat trout, Salmo clarki clarki, suggest that an isometric scale/body relationship may exist among those species also.

Scale Characteristics of Yearling Coastal Cutthroat and Steelhead Trout

1957 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Vernon ◽  
R. G. McMynn
Keyword(s):  
Fork Length ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Scale Growth ◽  
Scale Size ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Coastal Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Scale Characteristics ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Some scale characteristics of 88 yearling coastal cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki clarki) and 96 yearling steelhead (Salmo gairdneri) were compared in some detail. Although the number of diagonal scale rows above the lateral line was significantly higher in cutthroat, the counts of the two species overlap. The correlation of scale circuli counts with scale diameter was 0.94 for steelhead and 0.90 for cutthroat. At any given scale size cutthroat had 8 per cent more circuli than steelhead scales. Measurements of lateral and longitudinal diameters and anterior radii of scales show that the anterior portions of cutthroat scales tend to be longer and narrower than those of steelhead.Regression analyses of each scale measurement on fork length indicated that, for any given fork length, cutthroat scales are smaller than those of steelhead; the greatest difference being apparent when anterior radii are compared. Growth of scales in a dorsoventral plane approximates isauxesis in relation to fork length but scale growth in a longitudinal plane tends toward positive heterauxesis which is particularly pronounced in the anterior portions of scales.Multiple regression analyses of scale diameter, scale row count and fork length indicated that the smaller size of cutthroat scales is not balanced by proportionate increase in their number. When scale diameter is adjusted for scale number and fork length, cutthroat scales are 15.6 per cent smaller than those of steelhead, indicating that young cutthroat are covered by their scales with less overlap.

Food Specialization By Individual Trout

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1615-1624 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Bryan ◽  
P. A. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Repeated Observation ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Analyses of stomach contents showed that the kinds of prey eaten by brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were seldom distributed at random among the individuals. Repeated observation of food eaten by individuals in a stream and ponds showed that prey types were eaten in proportions which were characteristic for an individual.Specialization occurred on several different kinds of prey. Although the degree of specialization was higher during shorter intervals, the data suggested that some specialization persisted for half a year. There were no striking correlations between degree of specialization and other individual properties such as size, growth rate, weight of food, number of food items, previous specialization, or area of recapture.In addition to the observations on trout in relatively undisturbed habitats, a field experiment was conducted using laboratory-reared rainbow trout held in small ponds. The food of each trout in the experiment was sampled repeatedly. In analysis of variance, interaction among the individuals and kinds of prey eaten showed that food specialization occurred. Both the absolute and relative abundance of potential prey were constant during the experiment.

Electrophoretic Distinction of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri), West-Slope Cutthroat Trout (S. clarki), and Their Hybrids

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1236-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary L. Reinitz
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Phosphoglucose Isomerase ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri), west-slope cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki), and their F1 hybrids were electrophoretically examined for 13 different proteins. Of the 13 proteins, only phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) proved to be a reliable biochemical marker for the distinction of genetically pure samples of the two species. Only PGI provided an accurate means of identifying F1 hybrids between the species. This information could possibly be used to facilitate the stabilization and restoration of native populations of west-slope cutthroat trout in western Montana. Key words: rainbow trout, west-slope cutthroat trout, hybridization, electrophoresis, biochemical marker, phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI)

scholarly journals Hybridization between Cutthroat and Rainbow Trout: Evidence from Biochemical Genetic Loci

1979 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 108-112
Author(s):  
Eric Loudenslager ◽  
G. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Isolating Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Genetic ◽  
Salmo Clarki

Cutthroat, Salmo clarki, and rainbow, Salmo gairdneri, trout are largely allopatric, closely related species. Where naturally sympatric ecological isolating mechanisms maintain species identity. However, the inland subspecies of cutthroat trout which did not evolve in sympatry with rainbows are thought to freely hybridize with rainbow trout which have been introduced for recreational purposes. Because of the mass introductions of rainbow trout fish managers have become increasingly concerned about the purity of the dwindling stocks of native cutthroats.

Ceratomyxa shasta Noble, 1950 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) present in the Fraser River system of British Columbia

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1991-1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
River System ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Steelhead Trout

An examination of 220 chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), 84 coho salmon (O. kisutch), 145 steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri), and 21 cutthroat trout (S. clarki) for Ceratomyxa shasta (Myxozoa: Myxosporea) from 16 localities in the Fraser River drainage, British Columbia, showed that at all sites examined these salmonid species were infected, with a prevalence ranging between 11 and 100%. The study concludes that C. shasta, the causative agent of the salmonid disease ceratomyxosis, is widely distributed in the Fraser drainage basin and discusses these results in relation to proposed fish culture in the region.

Introgressive Hybridization in Populations of Paiute Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki seleniris)

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 939-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Busack ◽  
G. A. E. Gall
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Electrophoretic Data ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Salmo Clarki ◽  
Two Populations

Two populations of Paiute cutthroat trout (Salmo clarki seleniris) were compared meristically and electrophoretically with Lahontan cutthroat (S. c. henshawi) and rainbow trout (S. gairdneri) to elucidate population structure and verify the occurrence of introgressive hybridization. In Silver King Creek, both meristic and electrophoretic evidence indicated two populations were present, one appearing to be pure Paiute cutthroat, the other Paiute cutthroat introgressed with rainbow trout. Lahontan cutthroat introgression was a possibility in Silver King Creek but could not be evaluated because of the strong meristic and electrophoretic similarity of Paiute and Lahontan cutthroat. The other Paiute population, Cottonwood Creek, meristically appeared to be pure Paiute cutthroat but electrophoretic data indicated it was introgressed with rainbow trout. The existence of the two Silver King Creek populations indicated introgression was incomplete in that stream; introgression appeared to be complete in Cottonwood Creek. The meristic similarity of Cottonwood Creek trout to pure Paiute cutthroat was probably a result of strong selection by management agencies for a Paiute cutthroat phenotype. Electrophoresis was more discriminating than meristic analysis in this study in detecting introgression. Electrophoresis also allowed more detailed analysis of population structure than meristics because of the difference in complexity of the genetic systems analyzed by the two techniques. However, the application of both techniques contributed greatly to our understanding of introgression in the Paiute cutthroat and demonstrated the complementarity of the two approaches.Key words: Salmo clarki, Salmo gairdneri, Paiute cutthroat, Lahontan cutthroat, meristics, electrophoresis, introgression, hybridization, gametic disequilibrium, principal components

Natural Hybridization between Steelhead Trout (Salmo gairdneri) and Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Salmo clarki clarki) in Two Puget Sound Streams

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E. Campton ◽  
Fred M. Utter
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Hybrid Index ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Mixed Ancestry ◽  
Coastal Cutthroat Trout

A genetic investigation of anadromous trout populations in the Puget Sound area revealed numerous juvenile individuals from two streams with electrophoretic phenotypes consistent with those expected for hybrid descendents of steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) and coastal cutthroat trout (S. clarki clarki). The likelihood of hybridization was evaluated with a hybrid index measuring the relative probability that the combined genotype for a particular fish at several diagnostic loci could have arisen by random mating within each of the two Salmo species. The distribution of hybrid index scores among fish from the two creeks clearly demonstrated the genetic distinctness of the two species and the intermediate genotypic composition of the unknown fish. We concluded that these electrophoretically intermediate fish were natural steelhead–cutthroat hybrids based on their restricted occurrence at specific sample sites in only 2 of 23 streams surveyed, the linear distributions of juveniles from the two parental species within each stream, and the distribution of hybrid index values for a hatchery population of known mixed ancestry. Further, from estimates of gametic disequilibria and the absence of a consistent excess of heterozygotes we suggest that backcrossing may have occurred. The existence of these natural hybrids raises many questions concerning the biological bases for maintaining species integrities in regions of sympatry and indicates the need to fully understand the biological consequences of present and future management practices.

Summer movement and growth of juvenile anadromous salmonids in small western Washington streams

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1947-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas H Kahler ◽  
Philip Roni ◽  
Thomas P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Habitat Choice ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Steelhead Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Clarki Clarki ◽  
Mobile Fraction ◽  
Western Washington ◽  
Channel Type ◽  
Downstream Movement

Movements of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki), and steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were studied by observations and recapture of marked individuals in three western Washington streams to test the hypotheses that few fish would move, downstream movement would predominate, movers would be initially smaller and grow slower after movement than residents, and habitat quality would influence movement. Contrary to predictions, from 28 to 60% of marked fish moved at least one habitat unit, and immigration of unmarked fish also indicated considerable movement. Upstream movement predominated but the stream with the step-pool/cascade channel type had fewer upstream movers and greater distances moved downstream. Coho movers were not smaller than nonmovers, as predicted based on assumptions that movement results from competitive exclusion. Habitat units that coho left were smaller and shallower but lower in density than units where coho remained. Thus, movement is a common phenomenon rather than an aberration, and may reflect habitat choice rather than territorial eviction. Moreover, movers grew faster than nonmovers, so the "mobile fraction" of the population was not composed of competitively inferior fish but rather individuals that thrived. The phenomenon of small-scale habitat- and growth-related movements should be considered when planning and interpreting studies of juvenile salmonid ecology in streams.

EFFECT OF VARIOUS HORMONES ON THE KIDNEY RESPIRATION RATES IN THE CUTTHROAT TROUT (SALMO CLARKI CLARKI)

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (III) ◽  
pp. 428-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Cutthroat Trout ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Salmo Clarki

ABSTRACT Relatively large doses of vasopressin administered intraperitoneally to the trout significantly enhanced the kidney respiration rate. In contrast to vasopressin a single dose of oxytocin depressed the kidney Qo2 value. This depression continued throughout the observed 24 hour period after injection. Cortisol enhanced the kidney Qo2 values significantly and to a greater extent than vasopressin. These results are discussed in relation to possible adaptive mechanism in euryhaline species of teleosts.

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